rubia tinctorum การใช้

• Red dye for the clothing of ordinary people was made from the roots of the rubia tinctorum, the madder plant.
• It is one of ten dihydroxyanthraquinone isomers and occurs in small amounts ( as a glycoside ) in the root of the madder plant, " Rubia tinctorum ".
• Carmine dyes are obtained from resinous secretions of scale insects such as the Cochineal scale Coccus cacti, and certain Porphyrophora species ( Madder ( Rubia tinctorum ) was not grown, like west and north-west Persia.
• The painters of the early Renaissance used two traditional lake pigments, made from mixing dye with either chalk or alum, kermes lake, made from kermes insects, and madder lake, made from the rubia tinctorum plant.
• "' Rose madder "'is the commercial name sometimes used to designate a paint made from the pigment "'madder lake "', a traditional lake pigment extracted from the common madder plant " Rubia tinctorum ".
• As for the stripes, the researchers have determined that the red comes from cochineal, a dye made from the dried bodies of female cochineal insects found in Mexico and the American Southwest, plus madder, or Rubia tinctorum, a plant probably grown in the Netherlands or France.